Baja California
CriticalMexico · Mexican state · capital Mexicali
Situation
Tijuana plaza is a long-contested border crossing. CAF remnants, Sinaloa, and CJNG factions fight for fentanyl & methamphetamine corridors into California. Long-running Russian-speaking criminal presence in Tijuana/Rosarito for real-estate laundering and sex tourism. Chinese Triad networks (Sun Yee On, 14K) supply fentanyl/meth precursors via Pacific shipping.
Trade exposure
USMCA tracker →- ActiveTomato · Antidumping· US CommerceTomato Suspension Agreement terminated — 17.09% antidumping dutyJul 14, 2025 · ongoing
Commerce withdrew from the 1996 Tomato Suspension Agreement, imposing a 17.09% antidumping duty on fresh Mexican tomatoes. Sinaloa accounts for ~50% of MX tomato exports to the US; Sonora and BCN supply winter greenhouse tomatoes. Florida growers backed the move; Texas distributors and US restaurants opposed.
- NegotiatedEnergy · Investor-state (USMCA Ch. 14)· USMCA Ch. 14Sempra Infrastructure USMCA energy disputeApr 22, 2024 · ongoing
Sempra and TC Energy contesting MX nationalist energy reforms (CFE preference, permit denials). Sempra's Energía Costa Azul LNG export terminal in Ensenada is the flagship US gas play into Asia; outcome shapes Sonora gas-pipeline routing.
- Fishing / seafoodSignificant· Smuggling
Totoaba bladder ('cocaine of the sea') and abalone pipeline to China; Sea of Cortez fishery.
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Active armed groups
- Cártel de Sinaloafentanylcocainemethamphetamineheroin
- Los Chapitosfentanylmethamphetamine
- Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generaciónmethamphetaminefentanylcocaineextortion
- Russian Organized Crime (Baja California)money launderingreal estate launderingsex traffickingcocaine wholesale
- Chinese Triads — fentanyl pipelinefentanyl precursorsmethamphetamine precursorsmoney launderingunderground banking